Introduction Although 5 years elapsed since the time of publication of the previous guidelines, lipid metabolism disorders remain the most common and the worst controlled cardiovascular risk factor in Poland [8]
These medicationsincluding semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus), dulaglutide (Trulicity), and liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)work by mimicking a natural hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite
These medications are known to help lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol levels, and support weight loss
While intermediate metabolites associated with TCA cycle (Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) such as fumarate, succinate, and malate were not significantly different between the groups, we suggest a decrease in mitochondrial activity may result in lower ATP generation as reported in other inflammatory conditions (65, 66)
Other mechanisms by which these PPAR agonists prevent oxidative stress include a decrease in iNOS activity, NFB blockade, inhibition of TNF- release, or activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) 138
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