Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is the most common nutritional problem in ESCC patients
Ann Transl Med (2021) 9:852
GLP-1 receptor agonists may be appropriate for individuals who: Have a body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m or higher (or lower thresholds32.5 kg/m or abovefor people from Black, Asian, and other minority ethnic groups) and would benefit from weight loss Have established cardiovascular disease or are at high cardiovascular risk (certain GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in clinical trials) Have chronic kidney disease (CKD) or heart failure, where specific agents may offer additional protection Require additional glucose-lowering therapy but wish to avoid weight gain associated with some other diabetes medicines Cannot tolerate or have contraindications to other glucose-lowering therapies NICE NG28 continuation criteria : GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy should be continued beyond 6 months only if the person has had a beneficial metabolic response , defined as a reduction of at least 11 mmol/mol (1.0%) in HbA1c and a weight loss of at least 3% of initial body weight
Creatine monohydrate is included to enhance strength, power, and muscle volume, while BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and glutamine help reduce muscle breakdown, support tissue repair, and promote faster recovery
In addition, there is also an alteration to the circadian rhythm of the HPA axis, as demonstrated by studies using a feeding-associated circadian rhythm paradigm
In August 2025 , NutraTea, a U.K
