The ATF4-mediated upregulation of amino acid transporters and one-carbon metabolism, including SLC1A1, SLC7A8 , and SHMT2 , presumably increases the supply of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, which might act in concert for the biosynthesis of GSH
Sn phm gip b sung cht chng oxy ha quan trng ca c th, gp phn duy tr ln da sng khe, u mu, lm chm cc du hiu lo ha v bo v c th trc nhng tc ng t mi trng
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In these models, homozygous mutation of either Prop1 or Pit1 genes cause an abnormal development of the anterior pituitary, which in turn leads to decline in production of GH, thyrotropin (TSH), and prolactin (PRL), with consequent decrease in circulating IGF-I and thyroxine levels (Bartke, 2011)
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When mitochondria only have local and mild damage, the clearance effect of mitophagy can maintain the normal function of the mitochondrial population