Li XL, Zhou J, Chen ZR, Chng WJ
This analog may be a useful therapeutic agent for treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes
Exenatide GLP-RA , 1995 2005 .60 Liraglutide 2010 2 ,62 lixisenatide 2013 2 , 2 016 7 .63 (Albiglutide) 2014 3 , 2014 4 .64 (Dulaglutide) 2014 9 T2DM ,65 (Semaglutide) 2017 9 .66 (Beinaglutide) GLP-RA , 2016 9 T2DM .67 PEG-(PEG-loxenatide) GLP-RA , 2019 5 .66 ( 1 2) Table 1 Comparison of GLP-1RAs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus DateBrand nameGLP-1RAHalf-lifeDose (SC)Molecular formulaClinial trial focus Table 2 Comparative overview of efficacy and adverse effects of mainstream GLP-1RA medications Current GLP-1RAs GLP-1RAs are synthetic protein preparations that have partial or complete amino acid sequence homology with GLP-1 found in the body, are not easily degraded, have longer half-lives and have stronger biological activity
Additionally, electrophysiological experiments have shown the direct effects of B vitamins on pain transmission pathways in the spinal cord and thalamus, which explains the observed reduction or loss of pain sensation in clinical patients
doi: 10.1038/ng0595-111 58
Methods Cell lines and culture conditions The CL1-0 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line was isolated from a 64-year-old male patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma
