Many studies have found that reflux does not directly damage the esophageal epithelium, but stimulates the secretion of inflammatory chemokines by the epithelial cells, which induces proliferative changes in the epithelium and recruitment of inflammatory cells such as T lymphocytes, which in turn leads to the damage of the esophageal epithelium
Seif, M.D
13 Some of these symptoms include fatigue, muscle pain, fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, headache, and cognitive impairment 13 (Figure 1)
Watch for unexplained bruising, blood in urine or stool, nosebleeds, or dark tarry stoolsthese suggest over-anticoagulation
This review aims to consolidate current evidence and provide a comprehensive overview of this expanding field
Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic liver damage by activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting inflammasomes in hepatic cells