J Patient Reported Outcomes 4(1):68
In DS mice, combination therapy, but not EMPA alone, completely inhibited the increase in sBP
More information is available in the Retinopathy protocol
Participants were given 3 g of L-carnitine per day for 3 months and blood samples were taken each morning after fasting overnight to assess their levels of fasting glucose (blood sugar), insulin, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and their insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)
This means better absorption and better symptom control [1]
The study showed that the drug interacted with the GLP-1 receptor to a much higher degree than with the glucagon receptor, indicating that any pharmacological effects were likely mediated via GLP-1R activation