That research keeps pointing back to the same four triterpenoid saponins: Asiaticoside, Madecassoside, Asiatic Acid, and Madecassic Acid
The longer the treatments are continued, the more noticeable the brightness and reduction of pigmented lesions on the skin
69 In gastric cancer cells, the absence of CDO1 contributed to restore cellular glutathione levels, to prevent ROS and lipid peroxidation, and to promote resistance to ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and associated with lipid peroxide accumulation
Chen R, Zou Y, Mao D, Sun D, Gao G, Shi J, et al
The Fenton Reaction: Free iron can be involved in the formation of free radicals by the superoxide-driven Fenton reaction, leading to glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, degradation of protein and nucleic acids, and lipid peroxidation
Tranexamic acid: The big advantage of tranexamic acid is that it treats melasma with fewer side effects than other pigment suppressors