Rising levels of NAPQI in the liver cause widespread damage, including lipid peroxidation, inactivation of cellular proteins, and disruption of DNA metabolism (Bessems 2001)
MOTS-c originates from your mitochondria, which are tiny organelles found in nearly every cell in your body that are responsible for creating energy
Women may be more likely to develop anemia following blood loss, such as from the menstrual cycle
Vitamin B 12 is needed to prevent anemia, since making porphyrin and heme in mitochondria for producing hemoglobin in red blood cells depends on succinyl-CoA made by vitamin B 12
doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.06.005
Kefir probiotics also appear to enhance gut microbiota-mediated GLP-1 and insulinotropic peptide synthesis, further promoting glucose uptake and maintaining glycemic control