TGF- feeds back on PI3K/AKT/PTEN, shifting signaling from cytostatic responses toward pro-survival and pro-fibrotic programs in a context-dependent manner (Zhang et al., 2013)
All animals were housed at standard temperature (~22C) and humidity-controlled conditions under a 14L:10D photoperiod and provided ad libitum access to water and a low-fat-purified diet upon arrival (10% calories from fat D12450H Research Diets Inc)
Body composition changes often continue even when scale weight stalls
Santos LB, Mizubuti GB, da Silva LM, et al
In the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) trial published in 2008, in which patients were randomized to insulin versus metformin, there was a signal that there was an increased risk for elevated BMI and childhood overweight later in life at age 7 to 9 years in one of the cohorts
Treasure Island, FL, USA: 2020