Disturbances in lipid metabolism represent the primary cause of fatty liver, which in MASLD manifests as the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes
Introduction The hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis is a critical neuroendocrine system that maintains homeostasis, particularly through its response to stress and its modulation of the immune system ( With aging, the HPA axis plays a pivotal role in stress response and immunomodulation ( Stress, defined as perceived threat to homeostasis, involves key components located in the hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus), anterior pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, collectively forming the HPA axis ( Oxidative stress is associated with redox reactions involving hemoglobin (Hb), nitrite, and nitric oxide (NO), leading to the formation of highly toxic peroxynitrite when NO reacts with superoxide released during Hb autoxidation ( The primary role of cellular -glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is to metabolize extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), facilitating intracellular GSH synthesis
Moreover, it potentially enhances oxygen delivery to muscles, boosting endurance performance
Exhaustive submaximal endurance and resistance exercises induce temporary immunosuppression via physical and oxidative stress
It helps reduce fine lines and wrinkles and manages sun damage
It aids in fat oxidation, promotes fat metabolism, and reduces post-treatment swelling for a more comfortable experience
