Financial burden In contrast to visual impairment owing to refractive errors or cataract, the economic cost of managing diabetic retinopathy is substantial, especially drug-related costs 40,41 Direct healthcare costs related to diabetic retinopathy in the USA were estimated at US$493 million per year in 2004 even before the availability of anti-VEGF agents 40 Studies from both high-income countries and LMICs have highlighted the unsustainable cost pressures of diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for innovative yet cost-effective strategies 42,43 These alternative strategies include the use of biosimilars of anti-VEGF agents, improving durability of anti-VEGF agents and more efficient monitoring of patients undergoing treatment by appropriate use of non-medical staff through shared care pathways 27,44,45,46
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"Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls." Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 101 (2014): 66-83
Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(15):2720 Vella A, Bock G, Giesler PD, Burton DB, Serra DB, Saylan M, Camilleri LM (2008) The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on gastric volume, satiation and enteroendocrine secretion in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
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This dual action makes it a useful research tool for studying the relationship between GH secretion and hunger pathways
