Mechanistically, GHK-Cu has been shown to stimulate collagen and elastin synthesis in dermal fibroblasts, increase decorin (a small proteoglycan that helps regulate collagen organization), and influence matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors
Siques, P
Once inside the cell, intracellular enzymes (thioesterases) remove the acetyl group, releasing active reduced glutathione exactly where its needed
The process is quick and virtually painless, with minimal discomfort reported by most patients
At Allure Medspa, I first assess the patients skin type, pigmentation pattern, medical history, lifestyle, and expectations before recommending any route
Astaxanthin dosage Clinical studies on astaxanthin have tested a wide range of daily doses typically between 4mg and 12mg, though some trials extend up to 2040mg for short durations.11 36 38 45 Most human studies showing measurable benefits for oxidative stress, skin health, cognition, and eye comfort fall within the 612mg range.1 2 9 23 27 Doses at the higher end of that range appear to have the most consistent effects on markers of oxidative stress, such as MDA and increased SOD activity.22 37 Several studies examining exercise performance, sleep quality, cognition, and digital eye strain have also used 12mg daily.4 7 8 9 There is currently no official recommended daily intake for astaxanthin