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Indeed, the phosphorylation of JNK and its downstream substrates c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) were higher in the livers of Gstp1/2 / mice than in the WT livers

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Stefano, Mind-Cell LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA Received Date: 16 April 2026 Accepted Date: 21 April 2026 Published Date: 23 April 2026 Citation : Stefano GB, Kream RM (2026) Endogenous Morphine, Dopamine, And GLP-1 Signaling: A Unified Evolutionary-Mitochondrial Framework For Reward, Addiction, And Neurodegeneration