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Abstract 518: Erk5 S496 phosphorylation, but not Erk5 kinase or transcriptional activity, is responsible for promoting macrophage inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction via upregulating novel site of Nrf2 K518 sumoylation

Stough, C., Nankivell, M., Camfield, D

The 2017 Tang et al

But you can have all the cysteine in the world, and the body still needs cysteine plus the other amino acids, two enzymes, two molecules of ATP (your mitochondrial energy), and one molecule of NAD to make glutathione

This effect was secondary to an increase in the levels of plasma insulin and reduced insulin sensitivity [3]

These findings are from preclinical research and have not been confirmed in human clinical trials