Physiological Reviews , 87(4), 14091439
Commonly reported side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort
When differences in results for endpoints were observed, this informed subsequent analyses
GI Symptoms Beyond Nausea Diarrhea, constipation, and bloating all occur in a subset of users
Native GLP-1 provides transient, meal-related metabolic effects lasting minutes, contributing to normal postprandial glucose regulation but offering no sustained therapeutic impact
Finally, the development of dual GLP-1/GLP-2 receptor agonists, such as dapiglutide, has shown promise in reducing intestinal transit time and increasing villus height in murine models, representing an exciting future strategy (117)