The authors compile data showing GHK-Cu modulates expression of more than 4,000 human genes including substantial upregulation of antioxidant defense genes, DNA repair genes, and genes encoding collagen and elastin biosynthesis enzymes while downregulating pro-inflammatory and tissue-degradation pathways
GHK-Cu plays an important role in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and skin remodeling through multiple mechanisms: it promotes the recruitment and activation of repair cells, enhances the synthesis of extracellular matrix components (including collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans), modulates extracellular matrix turnover by increasing both metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects
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RAS , AT2R , II- 2 (ACE2) II 1-7, AT2R Mas (MasR),
154 The cellular response to mechanical stress within the ACL is also modulated by its geometry