IGF-1 LR3s Akt-FoxO3a-mediated suppression of ubiquitin-proteasome (Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF-1 mRNA reduction 28-38%, measured by qPCR in denervation or dexamethasone atrophy models) and autophagy (ULK1 Ser-757 phosphorylation by mTORC1, LC3-II accumulation 22-28%) provides rapid, direct anti-catabolic signalling within 1-2 hours
Social withdrawal dropped by 31%[2]
Kim S, Lee D, Song JC, Cho SJ, Yun SM, Koh YH, et al
In prostate cancer, PGC-1 can promote tumor growth via androgen receptor activation while inhibiting invasion and metastasis through its interaction with estrogen-related receptor 46,47,48
doi: 10.1001/jama.260.7.971 144 StrausSEDaleJKTobiMLawleyTPrebleOBlaeseRMet al
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