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The transdermal gel formulation is a semisolid base that allows for the active ingredient, glutathione, to be delivered in a controlled manner

Its unique Ec domain provides a mechanistically distinct signal from systemic IGF-1 analogues, allowing researchers to study the local muscle precursor cell response independently of systemic anabolic signalling

GR protein turnover is greatly stimulated in response to glucocorticoid binding through ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation (41)

Collagen provides structural support to the skin

So the defensible position on BPC-157 vs TB-500 is that both show reproducible, mechanistically interesting healing and angiogenic effects in preclinical systems, but neither has demonstrated safety or efficacy in adequately powered human trials