doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315267 204 NotzQ.HerrmannJ.SchlesingerT.HelmerP.SudoweS.SunQ.et al
Because NAD+ is infused directly into the bloodstream, the body can utilize it immediatelysomething oral supplements cant achieve due to poor absorption through the digestive system
A randomized, placebo-controlled study in 52 subjects (mean age, 30 years) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis found an increase in total antioxidant capacity in blood with lipoic acid supplementation (1,200 mg/day for 12 weeks) yet not in the activity of specific antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) (97)
Australian Veterinary Journal
The injectable form relies almost entirely on animal models and community-reported protocols with no published human trials
While the test focuses on peptide genetic variants (including GLP1R, GIPR, FTO, and MC4R polymorphisms), these same genetic factors influence overall metabolic efficiency, insulin sensitivity, and antioxidant enzyme expressionall relevant to whether ALA or glutathione supplementation warrants consideration
