Unlike GLP-1 medications, topiramate works by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically calcium and sodium channels and GABA receptors
baseline in murine studies 60+ Publications On triple-agonist receptor compounds +31% Energy Expenditure Resting metabolic rate increase in models 28% Visceral Fat Intra-abdominal adipose reduction observed Mechanism of Action How GLP-3 (RT) Works Triple-receptor agonism the next generation of metabolic research GLP-1 Primary Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Incretin hormone receptor activation Suppresses appetite via hypothalamic signaling Delays gastric emptying increases satiety Stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion GIP Co-agonist Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Adipose tissue and beta-cell modulation Enhances GLP-1 receptor potency synergistically Modulates fat cell lipid uptake and storage Supports pancreatic beta-cell preservation Glucagon Thermogenic Glucagon Receptor Component Hepatic glucose and energy expenditure Increases hepatic glucose output regulation Promotes brown adipose thermogenesis Elevates resting energy expenditure Research Applications Primary Research Areas Obesity & Adiposity Models Studied in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rodent models demonstrating significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, and food intake compared to single-agonist controls
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Medical conditions that lead to weight loss Several medical conditions can cause unexplained weight loss, including, but not limited to: Overactive thyroid An overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism, occurs when your thyroid gland produces excessive hormones, speeding up your metabolism and leading to sudden weight loss despite an insatiable appetite
Br J Nutr 106(11):17571762 Wang W, Volkow ND, Berger NA, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R (2024) Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real-world population
Chevalier et al
