It is secreted from the guts endocrine cells
However, with modern alternatives entering the scene, its time to reassess whether metformin still deserves its first-line status in 2026
Additional insights come from the phase 3 STEP trial (STEP 3), which combined 2.4 mg semaglutide with an intensive low-calorie diet (10001200 kcal/day meal replacements for the first 8 weeks, followed by a hypocaloric diet of 12001800 kcal/day) and progressive increases in physical activity to 200 minutes per week [13]
Even a shake counts
Unlike GLP-1, GIP can promote glucagon secretion in normal and hypoglycemic states, and inhibit it in hyperglycemia, thus acting as a bifunctional hormone to maintain blood glucose homeostasis
No evidence of cardiac, hepatic, or renal toxicity, changes in serum lipids, or clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters, vital signs, electrocardiograms, or abnormal findings upon physical examinations have been observed