Key Points Native human GLP-1 normalizes hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the short in vivo half-life of this hormone limits its therapeutic application A number of synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonists, with half-lives between 23 h and several days, have been developed for the long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as exenatide and lixisenatide) predominantly lower postprandial glucose levels and insulin concentrations via retardation of gastric emptying Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide long-acting release and liraglutide) predominantly lower blood glucose levels through stimulation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon levels Adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, injection-site reactions, antibody formation and increased heart rate This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF

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( Epub 2021 Aug 17 PMID: 34403495 ) Vallatharasu Y, Hayashi-Tanner Y, Polewski PJ, Bottner WA, Rosenstein LJ, Uprety D, Bista A, Farnen JP, Aster R (2019) Severe, prolonged thrombocytopenia in a patient sensitive to exenatide
How we evaluated Pendulum probiotics We evaluated Pendulums probiotics based on four criteria that are likely to influence consumers purchasing decisions: Effectiveness: Can Pendulums capsules deliver well-researched probiotic species in clinically relevant numbers to the intestines and colon, where they can do their work
Who taking a GLP-1 RA is not at increased risk of delayed gastric emptying when that is the very mechanism by which the drugs work
Eligibility to file a wrongful death claim depends on state law, the relationship to the deceased individual, and whether sufficient medical evidence exists linking the injuries to the medication and resulting death